Advanced English
Lesson 9 - Sports/Hobbies
Reading
On This Page
- Read an article about the history of Olympic Games.
- Answer reading comprehension questions.
- Write about your favorite sport on our blog.
English Reading Exercise
| Review of Key Words | |
| plain chariot race nude naked saddle branch male female |
shrine physical fitness revive delegate wane runner up flame gather |
History of the Olympic Games
The Ancient Olympics
The first Olympic Games were held in Ancient Greece in 776 B.C. in the plain of Olympia. They began as a religious festival to honor the gods. The Greeks measured time in terms of four-year periods called Olympiads. The Olympic games were part of the celebration of the beginning of each Olympiad.
In the first Olympic Games the only competition was a foot race. Later wrestling, the pentathlon, and boxing were added. In 680 B.C. chariot racing became a part of the games. Athletes usually competed nude as clothing could slow them in the race. In the horse racing competition riders rode naked and bareback (no saddle) around the track. As you can imagine, it was very difficult to control the horses this way. The winner would receive a simple olive branch, not a gold medal.
People descended on Olympia by the thousands to see the games. The stadium was built to seat between 45,000 and 50,000 people. Since the Olympic games were designed to honor Zeus, a male god, women were not allowed to see the games. The penalty for women who viewed the games was death.
The ancient games continued until 400 AD when the sacred shrine at Olympia was destroyed.
The Modern Olympics
Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a Frenchman, revived the games in 1896. He felt that the games would promote physical fitness and good relations between people of different countries. Beginning in 1894 delegates from 12 countries met to lay out plans for the modern games to be held in Athens, Greece.
The next Olympics were held in Paris and then in St. Louis, but interest waned. The Olympics gained popularity again with a very well-organized Olympics in 1908 in London. They began giving out medals not only to the winner but also to the first and second runner up (gold, silver, and bronze medals). In 1912 in Stockholm electrical timing equipment was used for the first time. In the 1928 Games in Amsterdam the tradition of burning the Olympic flame throughout the games began.
The Olympic Games have grown significantly since the days of the single foot race. Now the events are divided into winter and summer games alternately every two years. Athletes from all over the world continue to gather for the Olympic Games to enjoy friendly international competition just as Baron Pierre de Coubertin dreamed.
Questions
Write answers to the following questions in the space.
WritingDescribe your favorite Olympic sport. How is it played? Why do you like it? Who is your favorite athlete in that sport? Write on a paper or on our blog. |
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